Proverbs of China
Evidence and attribution

Sources & Reference Method

A proverb may have a clear classical source, a later story attached to it, or no single recoverable author. Our method changes with the kind of claim being made.

Last updated: July 17, 2026

Preferred evidence

For characters, pronunciation, and classification, we prefer established Chinese dictionaries and language references. For classical quotations, we prefer the original work or a reputable annotated edition. For modern usage, we compare contemporary examples and native-language references.

What an origin note means

‘Appears in’ indicates traceable wording or a clearly related passage. ‘Associated with’ indicates a traditional connection that needs qualification. ‘Popularly linked to’ warns that a familiar story may not establish the exact historical origin.

English equivalents

English equivalents are editorial comparisons, not historical derivations. A close conceptual match can still differ in emotional tone, typical situation, or the direction of its advice.

Ongoing review

The initial library is reviewed as a living educational reference. More detailed citations can be added as pages receive expanded source notes, and corrections are logged through the feedback system.